Composition: it is how things are arranged in a photo. it can be symetrical or asymetrical. both work for different types of photos.
Line: is a point moving in space. lines lead a person in a picture or out of a picture can be good or bad. they can make or break a photo.
Shape: is a 2d object. doesnt show depth and is defined by lines and has a height and width.
Form: is and object that is defined by depth and has weight and a feel of 3demensions
Space: is a sense of demensions or a lack thereof. can be defined by a subject on a plain background.
Color: is light bouncing off objects. is as varied as from black to white. can be bright or dull, bright or dark, cool or warm.
Texture: gives a sense of how an object will feel.
Value: depicts how bright a color is, and sets a mood.